Shame in the Clash of Two "Normals": The Case of Covid-19 in Tasmania

This paper deals with the general question of what a segment of sociocultural reality in the capital of Tasmania looked like over the time span from the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in China up to Australia's lockdown in mid-March 2020, or more specifically, what took place in direct, daily contacts between people, in the meeting or clash of coexisting incongruous behavioral norms - the "old" (habitual up until then) and the "new" (modified due to the crisis) patterns of interpersonal behavior. In this period of health and social crises, which is here termed liminal, shame was generated. It arose as an emotional reaction to the discrepancy between the thinking, feeling and behavior of interviewees and the thinking, feeling and behavior of members of their social environment, a discrepancy that became apparent in the course of their mutual interactions and whose object was a different emotion - fear. The fieldwork was conducted in mid-2020 in Hobart, in the form of semi-structured interviews with several immigrants from the states of the former Yugoslavia. As it was aimed at studying their fear, and only in second place their feeling of shame, in this paper I have limited myself to a narrative interpretation of the origins and object of shame, with the intention of, on the one hand, highlighting the principal factors in the construction of shame and, on the other, examining what it was in connection with fear that aroused shame in the given context. It was noted that, among other things, shame was culturally generated in the given interactions which occurred within secondary relationships and specific environmental contexts and, still more broadly, as part of the crisis caused by the general spread of the virus, and that, as the object of shame, fear emerged as an inappropriate emotion, initially in the sense of the disproportion between the intensity of fear and its object (i.e. the threat posed by the virus).

Covid Shielding Stories: Co-Produced Research to Understand the Voice of People Living with Arthritis and Auto-Immune Disease

Background/Aims Up to one-third of people with rheumatological conditions were required to 'shield' from COVID-19. This co-produced, qualitative research aimed to understand experiences of the shielding process and the impact of shielding upon people's lives. Methods Adults who shielded due to rheumatological disease participated in audio-recorded interviews and focus groups (FGs). Framework analysis combined inductive and deductive approaches. Creative materials were collected. Two patient contributors proposed the study, are co-investigators, and conducted the research alongside a clinical academic and four-member patient advisory group. COREQ and GRIPP2 guidelines were followed. Full ethical approval was granted by the University of Manchester Research Ethics Committee (2021- 11544-20348). Results Data were generated from 28 interview and 12 FG participants between October 2021-January 2022. 15 people contributed creative materials. Characteristics included 44/48 (85%) female, ages 18-75 years, non-white 10/48 (21%), all UK regions (Table 1). Corbin & Strauss's theory, 'Three lines of work: Managing chronic illness', frames the findings. Shielding increased and shifted the burden of 'illness work' onto patients, e.g., in gaining access to vaccines and navigating risks and uncertainties due to COVID-19. 'Life work' was increased as participants struggled to access food and medicines. Participants' self-identity was re-appraised in the context of their illness. Many feared for their lives because of their diagnosis for the first time, increasing 'biographical work'. Participants' perceived value to society changed over time: feeling equal to the general population at the first UK national lockdown;abandoned by society due to 'freedom day' and formal shielding's end. 'Emotional work' was added to 'Three lines of work'. Shielding notification induced fear, stress, devastation, shock and disbelief, balanced by a feeling of being protected. Emotions experienced include anxiety, guilt, anger and frustration. Mental health problems were experienced, often for the first time. Many continued to shield beyond formal shielding's end. Conclusion This co-produced, qualitative research highlights experiences and impact of shielding including increased illness, life, biographical and emotional work. Clearer, personalised information would help shielders to understand their risk and vaccine response, informing re-integration into society.

The healthcare experiences of patients with COPD: An IPA study

Introduction/Aim: Studies of the lived experience of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) reveal a number of challenges patients face when interacting with healthcare providers that may be exacerbated by unwillingness or inability to quit smoking. However, none have explored, in-depth, primary care experiences among patients with COPD in community healthcare settings. The study investigated primary care experiences of patients living independently in the community with doctor diagnosed COPD, who smoke or had recently quit smoking and focused on how vulnerability, stigma and emotional components of care shape care experiences. Method(s): An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) involving thirteen participants purposively recruited from social media posts in COPD and carer support groups, general community groups, community noticeboards and paid adverts on social media. In-depth interviews were held between February and April 2022 by phone or Zoom TM and explored healthcare experiences, smoking, stigma and impact of care during COVID-19. Cross-case analysis was conducted to form group experiential themes. Result(s): Participants were aged between 45 to 75 years. Nine were female and two-thirds were current daily smokers. Both positive and negative experiences were explored. Problematic experiences including time-constrained consultations ('You're a number, and that's where I feel like a sheep and [that] can stress you out more'), having to self-advocate for care, and guilt about smoking were common. Positive care experiences described non-judgemental interpersonal interactions with doctors, timely referral, proactive care and trust ('I have an actual great trust for my GP. they're awesome, they'll look after you'). Conclusion(s): Pro-active, empathetic care from GPs is desired by patients living with COPD who continue to smoke but this is not always reflected in the lived experience of care. Stigma and fear of judgement were important underlying drivers of negative care experiences and need to be carefully considered in provision of care for this group.

The Burden of Survivorship: Survivor Guilt and Its Association with Psychiatric Sequelae in COVID-19 Patients.

COVID-19 survivors struggle with intense depressive and post-traumatic symptoms in sub-acute stages. Survivor guilt may affect post-acute psychopathology. Herein, we aim to unveil the potential affective mechanism underpinning post-COVID psychiatric implications by focusing on the association of survivor guilt with psychopathology and maladaptive attributional style. At one month after discharge, we evaluated symptoms of depression on The Zung Severity Rating Scale (ZSDS), post-traumatic distress on Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and sleep disturbances on the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS) in 195 COVID-19 survivors. Interpersonal Guilt Rating Scale (IGRS-15) rated survivor guilt. A discrepancy score between the burden of depression and post-traumatic distress symptoms was computed individually. Dysfunctional depressive attributions were assessed through the Cognition Questionnaire (CQ). Survivor guilt significantly predicts all evaluated psychopathological dimensions. Moreover, higher rates of survivor guilt were associated with an overlap between post-traumatic and depressive symptomatology, thus suggesting that survivor guilt equally sustains both psychiatric manifestations. Finally, survivor guilt fully mediated the relationship between dysfunctional depressive attributions and the discrepancy index. Our results confirm survivor guilt as a clinically relevant form of suffering related to psychopathological dimensions of post COVID-19 infection, gaining the status of a specific phenomenon and a promising treatment target.

Aggressive behavior in Italian children with ADHD in the middle of COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary data on MAOA gene polymorphisms involvement

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by oppositional, defiant, disobedient, disruptive and also aggressive behavior. Many genes are involved in its onset, particularly dopaminergic pathway genes. Moreover, genetic predisposition to aggression appears affected by the polymorphic genetic variants of the serotoninergic system, among which, functional polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). The risk of contracting coronavirus infection may arouse in some people severe emotional distress characterized by symptoms of fatigue, guilt, and aggression. A survey on the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Italian families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD showed how children have been particularly affected by the emergency. The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms at the MAOA gene are associated with increased or reduced susceptibility to develop ADHD. Therefore, the variants rs6323, rs587777457 and rs1137070 of the MAOA gene were evaluated by SBT in 35 children (mean age 10.257 range 6-16) with ADHD and 27 healthy individuals. Our analysis allowed us to identify the G/G genotype of the variant rs6323 (Arg297Arg) was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD (p = 0.015). Allele G indicates higher levels of the enzyme, while the T allele indicates lower levels of enzyme production. When compared in patients, the G allele was associated with higher anger (p-value = 0.01) and might cause aggressive behavior in males. Our study shows that defining a genetic profile of ADHD can provide important information on the etiopathogenesis of the disease and help identify the best therapeutic option for patients with this disorder.

Parenting During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal: The Mediating Role of Work-Family Guilt in the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Mindful Parenting in a Sample of Working Mothers.

Objectives: The current study explored the mediating role of work interference on family guilt (WIFG) and family interference on work guilt (FIWG) in association with parents' self-compassion and mindful parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic, while controlling for the effects of educational level and marital status. Method: In May 2020, a sample of 398 mothers (26-50 years) participated in the study and completed an online survey that included a sociodemographic form and measures of self-compassion, work-family guilt, and mindful parenting. A parallel multiple mediation model was tested to explore the indirect effect of parents' self-compassion on mindful parenting through WIFG and FIWG. Independent samples t-tests were performed to compare study variables by mothers' working conditions during the pandemic. Results: The mediation analysis indicated that parents' higher levels of self-compassion were indirectly associated with higher levels of mindful parenting through lower levels of WIFG/FIWG. Comparison analyses indicated that mothers who were working in their workplace during the pandemic reported higher levels of WIFG than those working from home; conversely, mothers who were working from home reported higher levels of FIWG than those working in their workplace. Conclusions: These data highlight the importance of research in this field and support the development of intervention community programs for promoting mindful parenting, by developing more adaptive emotional regulation strategies such as self-compassion, which specifically target parents who experience higher levels of guilt associated with work and family conflict. Preregistration: This study is not pre-registered.

Dificultades en mujeres madres de niños y niñas en edad escolar durante el confinamiento por COVID-19

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto social, económico y de salud física y emocional en la población, siendo las mujeres uno de los grupos mayormente afectados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar las dificultades y estrategias de solución de madres de niños y niñas en edad escolar, participantes de un grupo de autoayuda virtual durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un análisis documental y una serie de preguntas detonadoras en el grupo de autoayuda. El trabajo de campo virtual se realizó durante los meses de mayo y junio de 2020. Durante la pandemia, las principales dificultades de las madres de familia con hijos e hijas pequeños, en edad entre 3 a 12 años, fueron sobrecarga de actividades, estrés y agotamiento, que les provocaron sentimientos de preocupación, incertidumbre, irritabilidad, cansancio y emociones de culpa y miedo. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres, en función de la socialización de género, que ha promovido una distribución desigual de roles y actividades entre ambos sexos, asignando mayor carga de responsabilidades a ellas. Se destaca la importancia de fortalecer el autocuidado, la red de apoyo social y la corresponsabilidad con la pareja para hacer frente a las situaciones adversas.Alternate abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a social, economic, physical, and emotional health negative impact on the population, with women being one of the most affected groups. The objective of this work was to identify the difficulties and solution strategies of mothers of school-aged boys and girls, who were participants in a virtual self-help group during the COVID-19 confinement. Data was collected through documentary analysis and in depth questioning in the self-help group. The virtual field work was carried out during May and June 2020. During the pandemic, the main difficulties experienced by mothers of young children aged 3 to 12 years were: the overload of activities, stress, and exhaustion. This caused them feelings of anxiety, uncertainty, irritability, tiredness, and emotions of guilt and fear. The results made it possible to show the vulnerability of women, based on gender socialization, that has promoted an unequal distribution of roles and activities between both genders, assigning a greater burden of responsibilities to them. The importance of strengthening self-care, a social support network and co-responsibility with partners to face adverse situations is highlighted.

International Listening Posts global report summary: the world at the dawn of 2022 … let's wake up

In this third year of the global Covid-19 pandemic, we are in touch with the tragedy of life, our fear of extinction, and the anxieties associated with the regression of human civilisation. Fatigue and exhaustion, coupled with existential burnout and profound sadness is apparent in all thirteen global reports. Covid has interrupted our sense of personal continuity and omnipotence, confronting us with our vulnerabilities and exigencies, fuelled by our failed economic, political, and social models. The weakening of shared values, fragmentation of relations, increasing aggression, and social chaos augment divisions and splitting. As we connect with inequality and privilege, some experience guilt and discomfort. Many are awakening to the interconnectedness of all things, and our individual and collective responsibilities. We need credible and reliable leadership to rebuild trust, and responsible, functioning political authorities and institutions to help foster belonging, protection, and agency. We are struggling to think enough, care enough, and act enough. "Let's wake up” to the available resources within us and externally, rediscovering positive energies and the courage to live with contradictions, engaging our "inoculated selves against seeing injustices” and acting responsibly towards our common home and the common good. Will we succeed? © 2022,Organisational and Social Dynamics.All Rights Reserved.

Grieving during Covid-19: Exploring the Lived Experiences of People Bereaved during the First Two Waves of the Pandemic

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on all aspects of life. The high number of deaths and bereavements increased demand on already stretched services, whilst the unique circumstances caused by enforced social distancing meant that people bereaved at this time faced many additional challenges and potentially problematic grief trajectories. Aims To explore in depth people's lived experiences of bereavement during the Covid-19 pandemic, their adaptation and coping during this time, and the effect of informal and formal sources of bereavement support . Methods Semi-structured longitudinal telephone interviews were conducted with people bereaved during the first 10 months of the pandemic (March to December 2020), purposively sampled from a cohort of survey participants. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Results 24 participants (19 female;5 men) took part in a first interview and 15 in a follow up interview, approximately four months later. Five major themes were identified: End of life experiences;Funerals and memorialisation;Grieving and psychological impacts;Coping and adaptation and Sources of support. Many challenges relating to the pandemic context were identified, including restrictions to end of life and memorialisation arrangements, dealing with personal affairs, and lack of support. Such experiences negatively impacted individual grieving and wellbeing, in particular feelings of isolation and guilt surrounding lack of contact with the deceased. Participants experienced difficulties accessing services, and sometimes received support that was not appropriate for their particular situations and needs. Despite these difficulties, some people demonstrated remarkable resilience, and ability to cope and find meaning. Conclusions People bereaved in the COVID-19 pandemic have navigated grief and bereavement through exceptionally challenging circumstances, often lacking the informal and formal support needed to help them cope. Impact These insights can be used to help improve the care and support provided to bereaved people throughout their bereavement journeys.

Lived In Experiences Of Covid-19 Victims In Selected Community Area In Chennai

COVID-19, more popularly known as novel corona virus, is associated with the respiratory disorder in humans which has been declared as a global epidemic and pandemic in the first quarter of the year 2020 by the world health organization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, young people's education and social networks were severely disrupted. The inquiry on the experiences of the victims will help the health sector to change the strategies of care during such public health emergency. The lockdown and subsequent school closures established a new life routine for adolescents, centred on spending time with family and temporarily interrupting face-to-face peer relationships. In this regard, similar to others, significant autobiographical events. To explore the lived in experiences of the COVID-19 victims. Qualitative approach, with phenomenological research design, was used among 15 COVID 19 victims selected using a non probability convenient sampling technique. A one - one indepth interview was conducted using a semi structured questionnaire with 7 themes. Participants who were affected with severe symptoms for 2-3 days had variant psychological experiences like fear of spread, guilt, scared, anxious. Presence of respiratory and psychological symptoms decreased the sleep. Role change had been identified in the family support. Economic needs were manageable with their savings and monthly salary. Practicing spiritual values were the background for the recovery of the victims. The study has brought the perception of approaching the disease with positive attitude for speedy recovery.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

The cost of good mothering: Associations between intensive mothering, maternal well-being, and parenting experience

This three-paper dissertation aims to contribute to the growing literature of intensive mothering by providing empirical evidence on the links between endorsement of intensive mothering ideology on parenting-specific psychological well-being and parenting experiences. The first paper focuses on understanding the associations between the endorsement of intensive mothering, involvement in childcare, mental health symptoms, and parenting-specific psychological well-being, and whether mothers' demographic characteristics moderate these associations. Findings of this study illuminate how the message that mothers should engage in parenting behaviors that align with intensive mothering beliefs in order to achieve the status of "good mother" is linked with parenting experiences of mothers of young children. The second paper aims to extend previous studies on intensive mothering and maternal well-being by investigating the existence of different patterns of endorsement of intensive mothering beliefs and whether those different patterns are associated with maternal demographic characteristics, parenting guilt and parental burnout. This study employs Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify intensive mothering profiles based on mothers' endorsement of the five sub-beliefs of the Intensive Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (IPAQ;Liss et al., 2013). Findings of this study highlight the heterogeneity of endorsement of intensive mothering beliefs and help understand who may be at greater risk of experiencing poor psychological outcomes linked with intensive mothering. The third paper investigates longitudinal associations between intensive mothering and self-reported changes in mothers' parenting behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, including examining parental burnout as a potential mediator of these associations. Findings of this study provide insight into how feelings of burnout may serve as a risk pathway that explains the impact of subscribing to intensive mothering on parenting behaviors during stressful times, such as the global pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The Application of a Brief Mindfulness Intervention in People with Severe Covid-19

Introduction: The practice of mindfulness, formalised in the structuring of well-known protocols such as Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), have proven to be very effective in reducing stress related to chronic conditions (Cherkin et al., 2016;Johns et al., 2015) and of depression (Hilton et al, 2017;Schumer, Lindsay, & David Creswell, 2018). However, these protocols generally require a high level of engagement for participants, which is why, in the present exploratory study, we opted to evaluate the implementation of a shor and less intensive Mindfulness-based protocol, but which showed good results on health-related outcomes, even with a single session (Howarth, Smith, Perkins-Porras, & Ussher, 2019). The overall objective of this exploratory study was to develop and evaluate the implementation of a short-term, Mindfulness-based intervention conducted in telemedicine, compared with usual care alone, on the symptoms associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Stress Disorder (PTSD) of persons who have previously tested positive for COVID-19, admitted to a resuscitation and/or intensive care unit and then in pulmonary rehabilitation following negativization. Method(s): The present pilot randomised controlled trial compared the impact of a Mindfulness-based brief intervention conducted in telemedicine (n=20) for a period of 5-6 sessions of 45 minutes each, for a total commitment of 3 weeks, to a wait-list control (n=20), involving people who have been previously tested positive for COVID-19, admitted to intensive care or reanimation and subsequently in respiratory rehabilitation following negativization. The General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Impact of Event Scale (IES), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), State Shame and Guilt Scale-8, Peritraumatic Perceptions of Fear and life threat, Psychological General Well-being Index (PGWBI), respiratory functions, oxygen saturation, haemogasanalysis were detected at baseline, 3 weeks, and 3 months. Descriptive analyses were conducted with respect to clinical and socio-demographic variables, as well as the primary and secondary outcomes. All statistical analyses were conducted according to an intention-to-treat system. In addition, using linear mixed models, intra- and inter-group comparisons were carried out on the primary and secondary outcome indices. The analyses were considered statistically significant for p<.005. Moreover, semi-structured interviews conducted according to the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach detected the participants' emotional experiences, expectations, and beliefs about their experience of illness. Themes that emerged and recurring themes during the course and interviews were analysed from a qualitative point of view, distinguishing the data emerged from the participants' interviews and those from the carers. Result(s): This pilot study found that the Experimental Group pursued improvements in terms of symptoms related to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the secondary outcomes outlined above over the course of the three surveys. Furthermore, with regard to the parameters pertaining to respiratory function, spirometry and arterial and venous haematochemical examinations, these were not inferior to those achieved by the Control Group. From the qualitative analysis part, it was possible to detect the presence of descriptive, linguistic, and conceptual comments. Relevant was the theme of contact with death and the emotional experiences associated with it, which emerged in different keys in both patients and caregivers. It is also useful to note the reported progressive change of perspective on how the patient deals with the remaining symptoms of COVID-19 during the proposed sessions. Conclusion(s): This study showed the potential of an affordable and widely accessible Mindfulness-based brief intervention in clinical practice, offering a view of hospital-territory continuity following the acute phase of COVID-19 disease.

Complicated Grief Processing and Bereavementassociated Psychopathology in First-Degree Relatives of Deceased Covid-19 Patients

Introduction: The number of patients hospitalized and deceased from COVID-19 during the first and second pandemic waves is exceedingly high. Health restriction policies have prevented relatives of ICU patients from being close to their loved ones, especially during the last moments of life. Furthermore, the possibilities of celebrating funerary rites have been radically restricted. Several authors have argued that these circumstances negatively affect the grief process for losses experiencing during the pandemic, leading to the development of severe grief reactions or complicated bereavement. The present work aims to propose a qualitative analysis of the experience and characteristics of mourning, complicated grief, and bereavement linked to the COVID-19 pandemic observed in first degree relatives of deceased COVID-19 patients. The interest in this topic arises from the clinical observations of unique characteristics of COVID-19-related grief and bereavement that emerged during the months of lockdown and restrictions, with an emphasis on pain persistence and unprocessed mourning. Method(s): This work is based on a qualitative research process that analyzed ten clinical cases of complicated grief. People who have lost a loved one during the first two pandemic waves were involved in a remote brief psychotherapy program consisting of eight weekly sessions. Case reports will be presented as a means to illustrate distinct presentations of COVID-related complicated grief. Result(s): Clinical cases are described according to the initial medical history, psychopathological description, and areas of suffering emerged during the process of therapeutic support. Consistently with qualitative studies recently published on the same topic, the authors identified common features in the patients' narratives, which typically involved the dynamics and condition of the infection, the end of life of the loved one, the patient's experience of isolation in intensive unit, and the relative's experience of isolation at home, the lack of final farewell, and the absence or disruption of funerary rites. The sense of guilt about having infected their loved one is a feeling frequently endorsed by patients. The inability to see and speak with the loved one has resulted in feelings of high and persistent anxiety, with moments of despair. Conclusion(s): Death cir- cumstances, isolation of hospitalized patients and domiciled relatives, absence of in-person final farewells all had a strong psychological impact on the way of experiencing the suffering associated with bereavement. Future research should focus on early detection and treatment of enduring psychopathological symptoms associated with complicated grief and bereavement among first-degree relatives of deceased COVID-19 patients.

Emotions of burden, intensive mothering and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

Addressing mothers' vaccine hesitancy, which is a state of indecision rather than refusal, may become critical to public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Extant research separately examines how intensive mothering ideology and emotions interact with childhood vaccine hesitancy;however, little is known about the emotions at the intersection of motherhood and vaccine hesitancy. To address this, we seek to understand the emotions experienced by COVID-19 vaccine hesitant mothers who experience the societal pressures arising from the ideology of intensive mothering. Interviews (n = 30) were conducted with women in Australia who identify as mothers and self-report to have concerns about COVID-19 vaccination of their children. The findings suggest 'emotions of burden', specifically fear of being a 'bad mother' and anticipated guilt about failing to be a 'good mother', are experienced by mothers striving to meet societal expectations of intensive mothering though their vaccination decision. These findings provide a more nuanced understanding of mothers' experiences in making vaccination decisions for their children and lends further empirical support to critiques of intensive mothering ideology as well as public perceptions of vaccine hesitant mothers. Practically, public health campaigns that avoid intimations of 'bad mothering' and acknowledge how emotionally burdensome the COVID-19 vaccination decision can be for vaccine hesitant mothers are indicated.Copyright © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

The effects of moral norms and anticipated guilt on COVID19 prevention behaviors.

Studies have shown that older adolescents have a low perceived personal risk of COVID-19, and yet their ability and willingness to engage in COVID-19 prevention behaviors is imperative for community health. Thus, health communication scholars need to consider alternative psycho-social predictors of prevention behaviors that will assist in protecting others in a pandemic. Based on Schwartz's Norms Activation Model (NAM; Schwartz, 1977), we examined the relationship between moral norms and COVID-19 prevention behaviors (mask wearing and physical distancing). We predicted that anticipated guilt would mediate the relationship between moral norms and intention to engage in prevention behaviors, and that collective orientation would strengthen the association between moral norms and anticipated guilt. We tested predictions with data from a cross-sectional survey with a probability-based sample of college students at a large land grant university. These data indicated that moral norms were associated with behavioral intention, and this relationship was mediated by anticipated guilt. Collective orientation was found to moderate the relationship between moral norms and anticipated guilt in the context of physical distancing but not mask wearing. These findings suggest that making moral norms salient when designing an intervention is an effective strategy for older adolescents. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04477-5.

Ashamed or afraid? Traumatic symptom severity and emotional activations of Covid-19-related events.

This study investigates the role of shame, guilt, and fear activations related to Covid-19 stressful experiences in predicting traumatic symptoms. We focused on 72 Italian adults recruited in Italy. The primary outcome was to explore the traumatic symptoms severity and negative emotions associated with COVID-19-related experiences. The presence of traumatic symptoms was met by a total of 36%. Shame and fear activations predicted traumatic scales. Qualitative content analysis identified Self-centered, and Externally-centered counterfactual thoughts and five relevant subcategories were also identified. The present findings suggest the importance of shame in the maintenance of traumatic symptoms related to COVID-19 experiences.

From Idleness to the Abolition of Work in Ricardo Talesnik's La Fiaca

This article analyses Ricardo Talesnik's play and film (directed by Fernando Ayala) La fiaca [Idleness] and its critique of the notion of work. Talesnik denounces how modern disciplinary institutions form the workforce and a way-of-life-to-work. He questions the work-system by critiquing the commodity-form, standardised time represented in the money-form, worker subjectivity as a national citizen, and Schuld (debt/guilt). Talesnik's critique is developed when the play's main character performs a "Duchamp-like” strike by refusing to go to work. When analysed with Marx's and Foucault's theories of production and power, La fiaca could be read as a play that supports the abolition of work to question modern life under late capitalism. Therefore, what this play effectively critiques is the commodification of everyday life, which leaves no option but to create another way of life by interrupting the process of capitalist production of value and questioning the primacy of labour. Talesnik's play shows the coercive forces of the capitalist mode of production, but also the institutional framework built to correct anyone who dares to challenge it. This makes La fiaca a crucial intervention that helps us understand current post-work criticism and the present tension between work and social reproduction in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Grounded by Mother Nature's Revenge.

Leisure air travel is a popular form of tourism, but its emissions are a major contributor to anthropogenic climate change. Restrictions to leisure air travel have previously received little support; however, the same restrictions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have been popular. This support is unlikely to persist in a postpandemic world, highlighting the need for alternative ways to improve support for reducing leisure air travel. Anthropomorphism of nature has consistently predicted proenvironmental behavior, which has been mediated by guilt felt for harm to the environment. This research is the first empirical study to explore this relationship in the context of COVID-19, where it examined support for restricting leisure air travel to help mitigate (1) COVID-19 and (2) climate change. In an experimental online study, Australian residents (N = 325, Mage = 54.48, SDage = 14.63, 62% women) were recruited through social media. Anthropomorphism of nature in the context of COVID-19 (AMP-19) was manipulated through exposure to a news article. Participants then completed measures of environmental guilt and support for restricting leisure air travel to mitigate COVID-19 (LAT-19) and to mitigate climate change (LAT-CC). A significant indirect effect was observed in both models, such that AMP-19 predicted environmental guilt which in turn predicted LAT-19 (f2 = .26; BCI [0.66, 3.87]) and LAT-CC (f2 = .45; BCI [0.84, 5.06]). The results imply that anthropomorphism of nature in the context of COVID-19 can improve attitudes toward this proenvironmental behavior, with greater support when this was to mitigate climate change. Implications are discussed.

Difficulties in female mothers of school-aged children during COVID-19 confinement

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a social, economic, physical, and emotional health negative impact on the population, with women being one of the most affected groups. The objective of this work was to identify the difficulties and solution strategies of mothers of school-aged boys and girls, who were participants in a virtual self-help group during the COVID-19 confinement. Data was collected through documentary analysis and in depth questioning in the self-help group. The virtual field work was carried out during May and June 2020. During the pandemic, the main difficulties experienced by mothers of young children aged 3 to 12 years were: the overload of activities, stress, and exhaustion. This caused them feelings of anxiety, uncertainty, irritability, tiredness, and emotions of guilt and fear. The results made it possible to show the vulnerability of women, based on gender socialization, that has promoted an unequal distribution of roles and activities between both genders, assigning a greater burden of responsibilities to them. The importance of strengthening self-care, a social support network and co-responsibility with partners to face adverse situations is highlighted.Alternate : La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto social, económico y de salud física y emocional en la población, siendo las mujeres uno de los grupos mayormente afectados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar las dificultades y estrategias de solución de madres de niños y niñas en edad escolar, participantes de un grupo de autoayuda virtual durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un análisis documental y una serie de preguntas detonadoras en el grupo de autoayuda. El trabajo de campo virtual se realizó durante los meses de mayo y junio de 2020. Durante la pandemia, las principales dificultades de las madres de familia con hijos e hijas pequeños, en edad entre 3 a 12 años, fueron sobrecarga de actividades, estrés y agotamiento, que les provocaron sentimientos de preocupación, incertidumbre, irritabilidad, cansancio y emociones de culpa y miedo. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres, en función de la socialización de género, que ha promovido una distribución desigual de roles y actividades entre ambos sexos, asignando mayor carga de responsabilidades a ellas. Se destaca la importancia de fortalecer el autocuidado, la red de apoyo social y la corresponsabilidad con la pareja para hacer frente a las situaciones adversas.

"As if we are branded with the mark of Cain": stigma, guilt, and shame experienced by COVID-19 survivors in Israel - a qualitative study.

Stigma is associated with harmful health outcomes, and it fuels social and health inequalities. It can undermine social cohesion and encourage social exclusion of groups, which may contribute to secrecy about disease symptoms, avoidance of disease testing and vaccination, and further spread of a contagious illness. Stigmatization is a social process set to exclude those who are perceived to be a potential source of disease and may pose a threat to effective interpersonal and social relationships. In this qualitative study, we delved into the stigmatization experiences of twenty COVID-19 recovered patients during the COVID-19 first wave, using in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted during November 2020. Using thematic analysis, we found that the process of stigmatization was all-encompassing, from the stage of diagnosis throughout the duration of the disease and the recovery phases. On the basis of the data, we hypothesized that stigma is a significant public health concern, and effective and comprehensive interventions are needed to counteract the damaging and insidious effects during infectious disease pandemics such as COVID-19, and reduce infectious disease-related stigma. Interventions should address provision of emotional support frameworks for the victims of stigmatization and discrimination that accompany the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics. This study was conducted in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, when uncertainty about the disease was high and fear of contamination fueled high levels of stigmatization against those who became ill with Covid-19.